Central district utility plant ku - Lawrence, KS – As students at the University of Kansas (KU) prepare for the home stretch of the school year, the school’s first public-private partnership (P3) is crossing the finish line in record time. The Central District Development project is a momentous addition to the KU campus—a 55-acre, design-build project which will enable the university to serve their students’ future ...

 
Morehead Utility Plant Board 135 S. Wilson Avenue Morehead, KY 40351 Office Hours Monday - Friday 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM Phone Numbers Office and Emergencies (606)784-5538 Fax (606)783-1340 Toll Free (877)784-6872 TTY/TDD (606)783-0548 Register for MUPB's FOG Program Customer Piping Notification. What is volcanic ash made of

Utility Production is responsible for operating the central steam heating plant, as well as four central chilled water plants on the Bloomington campus. Central heating plant. Utility Production staff operate and maintain five boilers that produce steam for campus heat, humidification, and hot water. Central chilled water plants. Utility ...The University of Kansas prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, religion, sex, national origin, age, ancestry, disability status as a veteran, sexual orientation, marital status, parental status, gender identity, gender expression, and genetic information in the university's programs and activities. KU Classrooms & Classroom Technology Classroom Technologies. ... 1200. Central District Utility Plant. 1200 Central District Utility Plant. Images of 1200 Central District Utility Plant. Close. CDUP 1200. Previous Next. Room Details. Building: Central …At the heart of Stanford University’s transformational, campus-wide energy system is a new, technologically advanced central energy facility. The system replaces a 100 percent fossil-fuel-based cogeneration plant with primarily electrical power—65 percent of which comes from renewable sources ...Bath County Sanitation District. P.O. Box 507 Owingsville, KY 40360. Office Phone: 606-336-4412 Ryan Munday, Operator. Bath County Water District. PO Box 369 Salt Lick, KY 40371. ... Morehead Utility Plant Board. 135 South Wilson Avenue Morehead, KY 40351. Office Phone: 606-784-5538 Holly McGrath-Rosas, General Manager . Morehead State ...The KU Library plays a key role in the whole educational process of Khulna University. About 800 users visit the KU Library every day. Out of them, 200 to 250 users make use of circulation facilities, 50 to 70 utilize the photocopy services and 400 to 450 avail the journal and newspapers facilities, while other readers access text books, reference books & …1 / 5 – The California Department of General Services wanted to improve the reliability and capacity of its Central Utility Plant Building, originally built in 1968. Skanska delivered one of the most efficient plants in the nation, improving reliability and dramatically cutting costs. This award-winning, design-build project was built for the ...Phase I of the 2016 Texas Capitol Complex Master Plan was completed in 2022 and included the construction of two new office buildings totaling more than 1 million square feet, 2,000+ above and below ground parking spaces for State employees, a new central utility plant, and three city blocks of the Texas Capitol Mall, a tree-lined promenade ...Sep 1, 2023 · We offer safety tips and information to ensure you, your family members and friends, our employees and business partners remain safe each and every day. Also, find information about scams targeting utility customers and ways to ensure your information is safe and secure. Customer Care: 1-800-206-2300 (Electric & Water) 1-800-424-0427 (Gas)KU Central District New Student Union and Central Utility Plant Completed Four Months Early The University of Kansas Central District P3 project has reached another important milestone - the new Burge Student Union and Central Utility Plant have been completed four months ahead of schedule!Established following a 1971 earthquake that caused the collapse of several hospital buildings, OSHPD is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the design and construction of healthcare facilities in the state. We designed and fabricated the first OSHPD-approved modular chiller plant, meeting the state's highly stringent seismic requirements.Home Central District Utility Plant The Central District Utility Plant (CUP) provides infrastructure support for KU’s Central District. The CUP, which opened in 2018, is adjacent to Gray-Little Hall, KU’s integrated science and research hub. News: District Energy Corporation's West Haymarket Central Utility Plant Ribbon Cutting May 14, 2014The first Central Utilities Plant (CUP) was a coal-fired district steam and electrical power plant, a state-of-the-art setup for 1916. Steam produced by its four boilers provided heat for the Main Group buildings in winter and …optimal central utility plants. This tool can receive user-defined load profiles or generate typical load profiles based on user-specified combination and areas of 16 reference building types. The software then solves a linear-programming optimization comprising 8760 sets of TES = Thermequations and constraints to design central plantThe University of California–Davis (UC Davis) proposes to expand the Central Utility Plant (CUP) at the UC Davis Sacramento Campus (Campus) and will prepare an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act. UC Davis released the Notice of Preparation (NOP) to solicit comments on the scope of a EIR for ...Reedy Creek Energy Services (RCES) is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. It operates the electric and other utility transmission and distribution systems of the Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID) on behalf of the district which specifically covers Walt Disney World. Some power is produced by the district-owned power plant …The new plant is on track to achieve Leadership in Energy Efficiency and Environmental Design Gold certification for new construction from the U.S. Green Building Council. melanieturner ...5 / 5 – California Department of General Services, Sacramento Central Utility Plant Energy use was decreased by 58 percent thanks to variable frequency drives and rooftop solar. To avoid discharge into the river, the cooling tower installed by Skanska recycles water between four to six times before it is reused onsite for irrigation and non ...Abbott Northwestern Hospital is planning to build a new central utilities plant that would replace decades-old equipment and set the stage for a series of changes to the hospital’s campus. The ...Ground was broken for another plant on the Green River near Central City, and the Pineville plant's capacity was doubled. In 1949, KU added 140 miles of line between Dix and the Green River plant. With integrated KU lines now running between Virginia and the Mississippi River, the company considered itself a statewide utility. Afşin-Elbistan A Termik Santrali 2020 standartlarına göre emisyon testlerini geçemedi. Hükümetin yenileme masrafları için ne kadar sübvansiyon vereceği henüz belli değildir. Türkiye'deki kömür yakıtlı enerji santralleri listesi, Türkiye'de kömürden enerji üreten …Kütahya Valiliği Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği İl Müdürlüğü. Kütahya Valiliği. İL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜMÜZE ZİYARET HAKKINDA. İlimizdeki Doğal Sit Alanları ile ilgili Tespit, Tescil ve Değerlendirme yapmak üzere Eskişehir Tabiat Varlıklarını Koruma Bölge …The University of Kansas has transformed its Central District into a new hub of education and research so we can expand our mission as a flagship research university. This once-in-a-generation project addresses immediate infrastructure needs and positions the university for excellence for decades to come. The focal point of the Central District ...With the rapid growth and new construction downtown, the city needed to install a third cooling plant to cover an additional 5-10,000 tons of chilled water capacity with 10-12,000 gallons per minute (GPM) pumping capacity to meet the increasing demand. The available site was a crescent-shaped, narrow piece of land between a residential tower ...Central District Redevelopment Project Dynamic delivery. Exceptional education. Dedicated to educational excellence and advancing its mission to serve as a flagship research institution, the University of Kansas (KU) embarked on a $350 million comprehensive redevelopment of its Central District.Established following a 1971 earthquake that caused the collapse of several hospital buildings, OSHPD is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the design and construction of healthcare facilities in the state. We designed and fabricated the first OSHPD-approved modular chiller plant, meeting the state's highly stringent seismic requirements.At the heart of Stanford University’s transformational, campus-wide energy system is a new, technologically advanced central energy facility. The system replaces a 100 percent fossil-fuel-based cogeneration plant with primarily electrical power—65 percent of which comes from renewable sources ... Central District Parking Garage CDP1 F5 Central District Utility Plant CDUP F5 E. Laurence Chalmers Hall CHAL Watkins Scholarship Hall H4 Chancellor’s Residence The Outlook CHNR K5 Corbin Residence Hall CORH L1 Crawford Community Center CRAW L4 Daisy Hill Commons DHC E5 Danforth Chapel DANF K4 DeBruce Center DBR H5 Dole Human Development ...Also, find information about scams targeting utility customers and ways to ensure your information is safe and secure. Safety. Economic development With our competitive electric ... About LG&E and KU Our company, management team, diversity, power plants, compressor stations, regulatory, research & development and our vision & …Aug 13, 2021 · Ohio State University. The Ohio State P3 was the first university energy partnership of its kind to close in the United States, and it set the precedent for some of the ensuing deals. The deal closed in 2017. The private company, Ohio State Energy Partners, is a joint venture between ENGIE North America and Axium Infrastructure. The Kansas City operation of Turner Construction Co. will be one of two firms to build the $4 billion Panasonic Energy Co. Ltd. electric vehicle battery plant in De Soto, the largest economic ...The Central District also includes new student housing, parking, a student union, and a utility plant, which together will improve the living and learning environment for our students and provide tremendous new resources to our faculty and staff. View the Central District Master Plan map (pdf). Campus Heritage PlanLOS ANGELES – In court documents filed today in Hawaii, Monsanto Company agreed to plead guilty to 30 environmental crimes related to the use of a pesticide on corn fields in Hawaii, and the company further agreed to plead guilty to two other charges related to the storage of a banned pesticide that were the subject of a 2019 Deferred …If you have a large garden or lawn at your residence, a Cub Cadet tractor is a wonderful piece of equipment for common maintenance jobs. Cub Cadet has different tractor and utility vehicle types, including:This unit also oversees campus building automation systems and controls that support central lighting and heating/cooling systems. The Campus Central Steam Plant . The plant is responsible for the generation and distribution of steam to support the heating and hot water needs for the campus. Underground Utilities The University of Kansas prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, religion, sex, national origin, age, ancestry, disability status as a veteran, sexual orientation, marital status, parental status, gender identity, gender expression, and genetic information in the university's programs and activities.Central Utility Plant” font_container=”tag:h2 ... Previous post SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY NORTH CHILLER PLANT. Post navigation. ... Kansas City: (573) 202 ...Aug 27, 2022 · Latest construction information on Central Utility Plant (CUP 1 & 2) (Contract No. KU/KUCP/C0231/09-10) - Sabah Al Salem University, contractors, consultants, tender dates, key companies, key contacts and project progress This unit also oversees campus building automation systems and controls that support central lighting and heating/cooling systems. The Campus Central Steam Plant . The plant is responsible for the generation and distribution of steam to support the heating and hot water needs for the campus. Underground Utilities The UConn Central Utility Plant replaces about as much electricity as 20,000 households use to the grid for consumer use. The UConn Central Utility Plant reduces CO2 (greenhouse gas) emissions by an estimated 30,000 tons each year versus emissions from fossil-fueled power plants serving the regional electric grid.A former employee of a water district plant in Ellsworth, Kan., allegedly logged in and attempted to tamper with the public drinking water system. This is just one of several recent hacks on water ...Utilities generation, distribution and management play an integral role in the operation of industrial facilities. While equipment configurations and requirements for power, water, wastewater, steam, cooling, etc. vary significantly from industry to industry and process to process, one aspect that every production facility has in common is its efficiency, safety, environmental performance and ...LG&E and KU owns and maintains the E.W. Brown Solar Facility in Harrodsburg, KY, which covers 50 acres and includes 44,000 solar PV panels with a total 10 MW capacity. As an example, in 2020, this power plant facility generated the same amount of energy annually as used by 1,375 typical homes. The facility can be viewed via a live stream.District heat: Steam or hot water produced outside of a building in a central plant and piped into the building as an energy source for space heating or another end use. The district heat may be purchased from a utility or provided by a central physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same multibuilding facility (for example, a hospital …Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (or Kudankulam NPP or KKNPP) is the largest nuclear power station in India, situated in Kudankulam in the Tirunelveli district of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.Construction on the plant began on 31 March 2002, but faced several delays due to opposition from local fishermen. KKNPP is scheduled to have six …Central Region - About Us. On January 3, 2017, Liberty Utilities- Empire District joined the Liberty Utilities family. Joplin, Missouri, is headquarters for the Company’s Central Region, providing electric, natural gas, water, and wastewater service to nearly 320,000 customers across six states. With a local approach to management, service ...District heat: Steam or hot water produced outside of a building in a central plant and piped into the building as an energy source for space heating or another end use. The district heat may be purchased from a utility or provided by a central physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same multibuilding facility (for example, a hospital …Get directions to Çayır Cad., 1/4A and view details like the building's postal code, description, photos, and reviews on each business in the buildingLatest construction information on Central Utility Plant (CUP 1 & 2) (Contract No. KU/KUCP/C0231/09-10) - Sabah Al Salem University, contractors, consultants, tender dates, key companies, key contacts and project progressEast Utility Plant The East Campus utility plant houses two (2) package boilers, and 15,000 tons of chillers including two (2) gas fired chillers, and a 3,000,000 gallons chilled water storage system. Reliability Service is at the heart of the university's mission - service to students, to faculty and researchers, to the larger community.Demand Factor Text Book of Design of Elect. Installation- Jain Utility Demand Factor Office ,School 0.4 Hospital 0.5 Air Port, Bank, Shops, 0.6In 2020, Kentucky had a total summer capacity of 17,599 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 63,539 GWh. The corresponding electrical energy generation mix was 68.7% coal, 22.6% natural gas, 7.9% hydroelectric, and 0.5% biomass. The remaining 0.3% was evenly split between solar and petroleum liquids.The University of Kansas has transformed its Central District into a new hub of education and research so we can expand our mission as a flagship research university. This once-in-a-generation project addresses immediate infrastructure needs and positions the university for excellence for decades to come. The focal point of the Central District ...From our humble beginnings as a rural power provider, to a modern and innovative consumer-owned resource, IID has become the sixth largest electrical utility in California proudly serving more than 150,000 customers. IID is currently capitalizing on new technologies, securing affordable energy resources, expanding our capacity for local ...Central District Parking Garage #1 CDP1 F5 Central District Utility Plant CDUP F5 E. Laurence Chalmers Hall CHALU H4 Chancellor's Residence The Outlook CHNR K5 Corbin Residence Hall CORHL1 Crawford Community Center CRAW L4 ... Kansas Union KSUN K4C Krehbiel Scholarship Hall LSRAKREH L3Previous image Next image View images from the Phase II Groundbreaking Ceremony Making History The Capitol Complex Project is transforming the Capitol Complex as a destination that celebrates the Capitol with grand civic spaces, shaded pedestrian-friendly streets, and connections to the surrounding community. The Texas Capitol Complex …In the fall of 1997, the “District Cooling Utility Plant No. 1” was built near the south end of the Central Heating Plant, now referred to as the “District Heating Steam Plant”. Located at 951 South Mason Street, “DC Plant No. 1” provided chilled water to allow air-conditioned buildings on the Main Campus.News: District Energy Corporation's West Haymarket Central Utility Plant Ribbon Cutting May 14, 2014The 78,000-SF Central Plant provides cooling, heating and control air to 23... Svenska. 7/13/2023 5:30 PM CET SKA B: SEK 157.2 +0.1% m. q Menu. About us. Who we are ... 1 / 5 – The California Department of General Services wanted to improve the reliability and capacity of its Central Utility Plant Building, ...KU Classrooms & Classroom Technology ... Central District Utility Plant. Search. Items per page. Room Sort descending Capacity; 1200 CDUP: 45 Bu projenin tamamlanması ile Teknecik Dizel Santral Kurulu gücü 140 MW’a ulaşmıştır. 120 MW Buhar Türbinleri ve Serhatköy’de konuşlu bulunan 1 MW’lık Güneş Enerjisi Santralı ile KIB-TEK’e ait santrallerin toplam kurulu gücü; 261 MW’dır. KKTC kurulu gücü şu anda …In 2015, the University of Kansas embarked on a major construction program to replace and add buildings to their main Lawrence campus. The project redeveloped an under-utilized 55-acre central campus site, adding a 280,000 SF Integrated Science Building, a new satellite Student Union, a 600-space parking structure and a 4,000-amp Central Utility Plant, capable of supporting both new and future ...The University of Kansas prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, ethnicity, religion, sex, national origin, age, ancestry, disability status as a veteran, sexual orientation, marital status, parental status, gender identity, gender expression, and genetic information in the university's programs and activities. Central Utility Plant Project Overview Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) Funding Request Jobs Created Total Project Cost Construction Start Design NEPA $105 Million 1,400 $158 Million November 2022 85.8% reduction in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions per year 15.3M kg reduction in carbon dioxidePhase I of the 2016 Texas Capitol Complex Master Plan was completed in 2022 and included the construction of two new office buildings totaling more than 1 million square feet, 2,000+ above and below ground parking spaces for State employees, a new central utility plant, and three city blocks of the Texas Capitol Mall, a tree-lined promenade ...Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.Energy and utility system solutions that balance optimum reliability, environmental considerations, and efficiency at today's demand levels with the flexibility to meet future load requirements – and accommodate future fuel sources. We're leaders in cogeneration, integrated and district energy planning, and alternative energy generation, distribution, and supply options. To meet the planned electrical, heating and cooling load growth of the Campus, UES implemented a $73.25 million phase of the UES Master Plan to install a 45 MW Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system. TAMU was only one of nine recipients nationwide to receive a DOE grant to help finance this $73.25 million major CHP system upgrade.In 2020, Kentucky had a total summer capacity of 17,599 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 63,539 GWh. The corresponding electrical energy generation mix was 68.7% coal, 22.6% natural gas, 7.9% hydroelectric, and 0.5% biomass. The remaining 0.3% was evenly split between solar and petroleum liquids. In today’s world, where environmental consciousness is on the rise, sustainable gardening has become more important than ever. One aspect of sustainable gardening that often gets overlooked is proper waste management.Home Central District Utility Plant The Central District Utility Plant (CUP) provides infrastructure support for KU’s Central District. The CUP, which opened in 2018, is adjacent to Gray-Little Hall, KU’s integrated science and research hub. Jul 21, 2023 · The construction of Panasonic’s new battery production facility near Kansas City could mean another hike on electric bills. By Alex Jirgens and KWCH Staff Published : Jul. 20, 2023 at 11:32 PM CDT No. 31, Great ancient city, Dadong district 0086 24-31301713 ... Higashi Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku +81-3-4233-4514 Systèmes de confort et d’aide à la conduite ... Valeo Japan Co., Ltd. Kanda Plant Asie Japan Fukuoka Prefecture - 800-0323 2101-1 Yobaru, Kandamachi, Miyako-GunEnergy and utility system solutions that balance optimum reliability, environmental considerations, and efficiency at today's demand levels with the flexibility to meet future load requirements – and accommodate future fuel sources. We're leaders in cogeneration, integrated and district energy planning, and alternative energy generation, distribution, and supply options.City Utility Rates. All users of the electrical energy supplied by the City of Centralia shall be subject to a Fuel Adjustment cost based on usage. The Fuel Adjustment charge varies each month, $0.01 - $0.03 +/- per KW. Base rate: $25.00 per month plus $5.50 per 1000 gallons used. Base Rate: $20.00 per Month.Morgantown Utilities Commission - 270-526-3623; Scottsville Gas Company - 270-237-3831; Tompkinsville Natural Gas System - 270-487-6776; Water & Sewer. Warren County Water District - 270-842-0052; The South Central Kentucky region offers sewage treatment plants that feature capacities from 129,000 gallons to 12 million gallons per day.Learn how next-generation software from Johnson Controls optimizes all types of central utility plants, monitoring thousands of variables to generate decisio...For any questions regarding this change in disinfectants or the distribution system flushing, call the Collier County Water Division at 239-252-6245. The mission of the Collier County Water Division is to deliver best value, high quality and sustainable water services that meet our customers' expectations in an operationally excellent environment.Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.

Utilities. Operated by our Gas Processing & Utilities (GPU) Division, our utilities production serves customers across many industries with a wide range of products to meet their specific needs. Our utilities production is conducted at two complexes namely Utilities Kertih (UK) in Terengganu and Utilities Gebeng (UG) in Pahang.. Bryan clay invitational 2023 entries

central district utility plant ku

Aug 13, 2021 · Ohio State University. The Ohio State P3 was the first university energy partnership of its kind to close in the United States, and it set the precedent for some of the ensuing deals. The deal closed in 2017. The private company, Ohio State Energy Partners, is a joint venture between ENGIE North America and Axium Infrastructure. KU Classrooms & Classroom Technology ... Central District Utility Plant. Search. Items per page. Room Sort descending Capacity; 1200 CDUP: 45Images of 1200 Central District Utility Plant. Close. CDUP 1200. Previous Next. ... The University of Kansas is a public institution governed by the Kansas Board of ...Reedy Creek Energy Services (RCES) is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. It operates the electric and other utility transmission and distribution systems of the Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID) on behalf of the district which specifically covers Walt Disney World. Some power is produced by the district-owned power plant …optimal central utility plants. This tool can receive user-defined load profiles or generate typical load profiles based on user-specified combination and areas of 16 reference building types. The software then solves a linear-programming optimization comprising 8760 sets of TES = Thermequations and constraints to design central plant KU Classrooms & Classroom Technology ... Search this unit Start search Submit Search. Home Central District Utility Plant. Search. Items per page. Room Sort descending Capacity; 1200 CDUP: 45 : [email protected] 785-864-1200. Request Support; Request AV …A new parking garage to support the additional parking demand in the Central District. A new Central Utility Plant to support these new facilities and in the future provide redundancy for the campus. The 708-bed apartment-style housing complex is slated to open July 2018. 3) Their Unique Model Has Multiple Financial Benefits. BOSTON, June 17, 2020 – Vicinity Energy announced today that it has acquired the district energy system serving the historic Watergate Complex in Washington D.C. and taken over operations as of February 1st 2020. The acquisition is the first for the company under its new ownership, making Washington D.C. the eleventh major city served by ...1924: Original Central Utility Plant constructed. Coal fired boilers producing steam. 1967 to 1970: Central Utilities Plant expansion adds boilers 5, 6 & 7. ... District Hot Water Supply: 180-225° F; 42° F supply, 56° F return: System water volume: Hot water system 250,000 gallons: 800,000 gallons:A virtual power plant is a network of wind farms, solar parks and home battery systems designed to relieve the energy load on the main power grid. We talked to one expert to find out how. Advertisement One of the big challenges that U.S. ut...The complex's central utility plant, built in 1964 and enlarged in 1967, supplies steam and chilled water to more than 1.8+ million square feet of building space.To meet the planned electrical, heating and cooling load growth of the Campus, UES implemented a $73.25 million phase of the UES Master Plan to install a 45 MW Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system. TAMU was only one of nine recipients nationwide to receive a DOE grant to help finance this $73.25 million major CHP system upgrade.Facilities Management is a service group of the Division of Administration and Finance. We are a dedicated team of professionals that emphasizes the integration of our collective expertise. We are committed to providing the University with a safe, functional, and accessible campus environment. Learn More About Us.Mar 1, 2023 · DE SOTO, Kan., March 01, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- A joint venture team of Turner Construction Company and Yates Construction is pleased to announce that they were selected by Panasonic Energy to ... Central District Utility Plant. Search. Items per page. Room Sort descending Capacity; 1200 CDUP: 45 : [email protected] 785-864-1200. Request Support; Request AV Installation; Support in Your Building ... The University of Kansas is a public institution governed by the Kansas Board of Regents. ...In 2020, Kentucky had a total summer capacity of 17,599 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 63,539 GWh. The corresponding electrical energy generation mix was 68.7% coal, 22.6% natural gas, 7.9% hydroelectric, and 0.5% biomass. The remaining 0.3% was evenly split between solar and petroleum liquids.Apr 13, 2021 · A former employee of a water district plant in Ellsworth, Kan., allegedly logged in and attempted to tamper with the public drinking water system. This is just one of several recent hacks on water ... Contact Information. All questions or complaints should be directed to: Kory Burton, Project Manager. Northwestern University. Facilities Design & Construction. 2020 Ridge Avenue, Suite 250. Evanston, IL 60208. Phone: 847-491-3677Fax: 847-491-3869. [email protected] Greater Toronto Airports Authority learned that lesson in August 2003. Ten months later, it began building a 117-MW cogeneration plant that is now capable of supplying all of its energy needs ....

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